ROBERT F. MULLIGAN, Ph.D.
60 Buzzard Roost
Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723

office 828-227-3329 secretary 828-227-7408 fax 828-227-7414

email mulligan@wcu.edu
http://paws.wcu.edu/mulligan/

 

CURRENT APPOINTMENTS

Professor of Economics, Western Carolina University

North Carolina Economic Policy Board

Research Associate, Department of Economics, State University of New York at Binghamton

 

I. EDUCATION

Advanced Studies Certificate (A.S.C.) in International Economic Policy Research, May 1995, KIEL INSTITUTE OF WORLD ECONOMICS, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany 

Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, May 1993, Master of Arts in Economics, January 1990, STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BINGHAMTON, Binghamton, New York

Dissertation:  Testing Alternative Real and Monetary Business Cycle Models with Endogenous Technology, Binghamton University Outstanding Dissertation in the Social Sciences Runner-up, 1993 

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (B.S.C.E.), May 1983, ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Chicago, Illinois

 

II. PUBLICATIONS

a.  Refereed Articles

"A Fractal Analysis of Market Efficiency for Indian Technology Equities," with Debasish Bannerjee, Western Carolina University, Indian Journal of Finance, forthcoming

 

"The Sensory Order: Operational Epistemology as an Evolutionary Adaptation," Advances in Austrian Economics, forthcoming

 

"Robbins as Innovator: the Contribution of An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science," Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, forthcoming

 

"The Sensory Order and the Structure of Production: Entrepreneurial Planning as a Cognitive Activity," Studies in Emergent Order (2009) 2: 109-141

 

"A Simple Model for Estimating Newbuilding Costs," Maritime Economics & Logistics (2008) 10: 310-321

 

"Stochastic Dependence in Indian Capital Markets: a Fractal Analysis of the CNX Information Technology Index," with Debasish Banerjee, Western Carolina University, Indian Journal of Finance (2008) 2(4): 3-15

 

"Religion as Adaptation: the Role of Time Preference," (2008) Political Economy Research Focus, Walter R. Levin (ed.) (pp. 69-92) Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers; reprinted (2008) in Religion and Psychology Research Progress, Joan C. Upton (ed.) (pp. 189-212) Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers

 

"Entrepreneurial Planning in a Regulated Environment: the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission and the Maritime Industry," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2008) 11(2): 106-118

 

"Maritime Enterprises and Regulated Competition," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies (2007) 13(5): 57-68

 

"Property Rights and Time Preference," Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2007) 10(1): 23-49 [Awarded the Ludwig von Mises Institute's O.P. Alford III Prize "for the scholarly article published during 2006-2007 that best advances libertarian scholarship."] Reprinted (2008) in Jilla, Ramakistaiah. (ed.) Property: a Legal Paradigm. Hyderabad: Amicus Books, Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (IFCAI) University Press (pp. 32-65)

 

"Modeling Markets for Sports Memorabilia," with A.J. Grube, Western Carolina University, Journal of Economics and Economic Education Research (2006) 7(2): 75-102

 

"Transactional Economics: John Dewey's Ways of Knowing and the Radical Subjectivism of the Austrian School," Education and Culture: the Journal of the John Dewey Society (2006) 22(2): 61-82

 

"Short Sea Shipping: Alleviating the Environmental Impact of Economic Growth," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, World Maritime University Journal of Maritime Affairs (2006) 5(2): 55-70

 

"Accounting for the Business Cycle: Nominal Price Rigidities, Factor Heterogeneity, and Austrian Capital Theory," Review of Austrian Economics (2006) 19(1): 311-336

 

"An Empirical Examination of Austrian Business Cycle Theory," Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2006) 9(2): 69-93

 

"The Austrian Business Cycle: a Vector Error-correction Model with Commercial and Industrial Loans," Journal of Private Enterprise (Fall 2005) 22(1): 51-91

 

"The Entrepreneurial Critique of the Optimization Paradigm," Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal (2005) 11(2): 47-69

 

"The Common Law Character of English Charters: Spontaneous Order in the Constitutions of Clarendon (1164)," Constitutional Political Economy (September 2005) 16(3): 285-311

 

"Maritime Businesses: Volatile Stock Prices and Market Valuation Inefficiencies," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, (2004) 44(2): 321-336

 

"Spontaneously Evolved Social Order versus Positive Legislation in English Constitutional History," Review of Austrian Economics (2004) 17(1): 41-65

 

"Fractal Analysis of Highly Volatile Markets: An Application to Technology Equities," Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance (2004) 44(1): 155-179

 

"Baseball Card Pricing Model: A Demonstration with Well-known Players," with A.J. Grube and Stephen Jarrell, Western Carolina University, Visions in Leisure and Business (2004) 21(7): 30-42

 

"Resource Allocation: A Hayekian Paradigm for Maritime Conglomerates," with Gary A. Lombardo, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2003) 6(1): 3-21

 

"The Demand for Programs at a College Football Game: OLS and LMS Estimates of Optimal Prices," with Stephen Jarrell, Western Carolina University, Journal of Sport Management (2002) 16(3): 209-229

 

"A Hayekian Analysis of the Term Structure of Production," Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2002) 5(2): 17-33

 

"Shortage and Currency Substitution in Transition Economies: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania," with Erwin Nijsse, Royal Dutch-Shell Group, International Advances in Economic Research (2001) 7(3): 275-295

 

"A Characteristic Exponent Test for the Cauchy Distribution," Atlantic Economic Journal (2000) 28(4): 491

 

"A Fractal Analysis of Foreign Exchange Markets," International Advances in Economic Research (2000) 6(1): 33-49

 

"Export-Import Endogeneity in the Context of the Thirlwall-Hussain Model: an Application of the Durbin-Wu-Hausman Test Incorporating a Monte Carlo Experiment," Applied Economics Letters (1996) 3: 275-279

 

"Testing Real and Monetary Business Cycle Models with Endogenous Technology," Atlantic Economic Society Best Papers Proceedings (1993) 3(1): 86-90 

 

b.  Research Monographs

The North Carolina Human Development Report (2006) Cullowhee, North Carolina: Institute for the Economy and the Future, Western Carolina University

 

U.S. Short Sea Shipping: Prospects and Opportunities (2004) with Gary A. Lombardo and Chang Q. Guan, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York: Center for Maritime Studies, United States Merchant Marine Academy

 

 

c. Refereed Conference Proceedings

"U.S. Short Sea Shipping:  Vessel Design for Profitable Operations," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, the First International Symposium on Ship Operations, Management, & Economics sponsored by The Greek Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Athens, May 12 – 13, 2005.

 

"Short-Run and Long-Run Strategic Competition under U.S. Cabotage Laws," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, International Association of Maritime Economists Annual Conference 2004, Izmir, Turkey, 30 June – 2 July, 328-337

 

"A Fractal Analysis of Technology Securities," Proceedings of the 2001 International Business & Economics Research Conference, October 2001 [IBER Best Paper Award]

 

"Using Technology to Provide a Liberal Studies Perspective in Introductory Economics," Robert Morris College-Irwin/McGraw-Hill Teaching Economics Conference Papers 11, February 2000, 125-131

 

"Designing an Assignment-driven Course Around a Web-based Research Project: a Report on the North Carolina Economic Survey," Robert Morris College-Irwin/McGraw-Hill Teaching Economics Conference Papers 11, February 2000, 118-124

 

d.  Book Reviews

Review: "Meltdown: a Free-market Look at Why the Stock Market Collapsed, the Economy Tanked, and Government Bailouts will Make Things Worse," by Thomas E. Woods, Asheville Citizen-Times, September 6, 2009

 

Review: "Mises: the Last Knight of Liberalism," by Jörg Guido Hülsmann, Asheville Citizen-Times, October 21, 2008

 

Review: "Generation Debt: Why Now is a Terrible Time to be Young,"  by Anya Kamenetz, Asheville Citizen-Times, January 22, 2007

 

Edgar E. Peters, "Complexity, Risk, and Financial Markets," Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 7(1): 85-89

 

Review: "The Dynamics of Firm and Industry Growth: the Swedish Computing and Communications Industry," by Dan Johansson, Asheville Citizen-Times, April 6, 2003

 

Review: "Complexity, Risk, and Financial Markets," by Edgar E. Peters, Asheville Citizen-Times, September 8, 2002

 

Review: "Time and Money: the Macroeconomics of Capital Structure," by Roger W. Garrison, Asheville Citizen-Times, October 7, 2001

 

Review: "Millionaire: the Philanderer, Gambler, and Duelist who Invented Modern Finance," by Janet Gleeson, Asheville Citizen-Times, June 3, 2001

 

Daniel B. Klein, ed., "What Do Economists Contribute?" Review of Austrian Economics, 2001, 13(2): 221-223

 

Review: "Total Risk: Nick Leeson and the Fall of Barings Bank," by Judith H. Rawnsley, Asheville Citizen-Times, March 26, 2000

 

Review: "Dr. Deming: the American who Taught the Japanese about Quality," by Rafael Aguayo, with a foreword by W. Edwards Deming, Asheville Citizen-Times, July 11, 1999

 

Review: "The Deming Management Method," by Mary Walton, with a foreword by W. Edwards Deming, Asheville Citizen-Times, April 25, 1999

 

Review: "The Insider's Book of Business School Lists," by Mark Baker, Asheville Citizen-Times, October 18, 1998

 

Review: "The Ministry: How Japan’s Most Powerful Institution Endangers World Markets," by Peter Hartcher, Asheville Citizen-Times, May 24, 1998

 

Review: "Financial Market Rates and Flows," fifth edition, by James C. Van Horne, Asheville Citizen-Times, May 3, 1998

 

Review: "The Dilbert Future: Thriving on Stupidity in the 21st Century," by Scott Adams, Asheville Citizen-Times, April 26, 1998

 

Review: "Chaos and Order in the Capital Markets," second edition, by Edgar E. Peters, Asheville Citizen-Times, March 1, 1998

 

Review: "Money, Banking, and Financial Markets," by Lloyd B. Thomas, Asheville Citizen-Times, December 14, 1997

 

"Overthrowing the World: a Review of The Russian Revolution by Richard Pipes," Officer Review, December 1990, 29(4): 12-13

 

"Responding to the Soviet Beast: a Review of Survival is Not Enough by Richard Pipes," Officer Review, January 1987, 26(1): 9-10 

 

e.  Other Publications

Quoted by Jon Ostendorff, "Joblessness could Linger in WNC, Nation," Asheville Citizen-Times, March 24, 2009

 

Quoted by Josh Mitchell, "Tough Times Strike Dealerships," Smoky Mountain News, December 10-16, 2008

 

Quoted by Jon Ostendorff and Nancy Bompey, "Consulting Firm to Help Run Hospital," Asheville Citizen-Times, February 28, 2008

 

"Short Sea Shipping," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, World Wide Shipping 70(7):13-15, October/November 2007

 

Letter to the Editor, "Do Immigrants Make us Safer?" New York Times Magazine, December 17, 2006

 

"North Carolina Needs Lower Taxes," Carolina Journal, May 8, 2004

 

Quoted by Angie Newsome, "As Costs Rise, Consumers Try to Stretch their Dollars," Asheville Citizen-Times, May 3, 2004

 

Quoted by Becky Johnson, "Cheap Goods Cost Jobs," Smoky Mountain News, February 11, 2004

 

Quoted by John Ostendorff and Quintin Ellison, "Blue Ridge Paper Plans to Eliminate 100 Jobs," Asheville Citizen-Times, February 4, 2004

 

Quoted by John Boyle, "Bush Economic Plan Divides WNC People," Asheville Citizen-Times, January 8, 2003

 

Op-ed: "Governor's Employment Incentive Scheme Does Not Add Up," Asheville Citizen-Times, August 18, 2002

 

Quoted by Melissa Dills, "Sales Dip; Tourism Stays Strong," Franklin Press 118(7): January 25, 2002

 

"WCU Finance Students Compete in TVA Investment Challenge," WCU Press Release, November 30, 2001

 

Quoted by Paul Clark, "No one Sure what War will do to the Economy," Asheville Citizen-Times, October 7, 2001

 

Quoted by John Ostendorff, "Cost, size, site issues of Haywood Justice Center," Asheville Citizen-Times, September 3, 2001

 

"Western Business Students Excel at TVA Investment Challenge and Phi Beta Lambda State Leadership Conference," Asheville Citizen-Times, June 15, 2001

 

"TVA Investment Challenge," Asheville Citizen-Times, December 11, 2000

 

"WCU Business College sponsors hands-on Wall Street excursion," Smoky Mountain News, November 1, 2000

 

Op-ed: "If we don't pay for bond issue now, state will most assuredly pay later," Asheville Citizen-Times, October 19, 2000

 

"WCU students predict economic growth in state," Asheville Citizen-Times, May 15, 2000

 

"Beware Greenspan, WCU students forecasting economy," Enterprise Mountaineer, Waynesville NC, October 27, 1999

 

"WCU team forecasts good economic future," Asheville Citizen-Times, October 7, 1999

 

"Beware, Greenspan - WCU Business students are issuing economic forecast for North Carolina, US," Smoky Mountain News, September 29, 1999

 

Op-ed: "Should President Clinton Bet Your Retirement?" Asheville Citizen-Times, February 22, 1999

 

III. PAPERS SUBMITTED

"An Empirical Investigation of Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis," submitted to the Review of Political Economy

 

"The Philosophical Context of The Sensory Order: from Theoretic to Operational Epistemology," submitted to Erkenntnis

 

"A Fractal Comparison of Real and Austrian Business Cycle Theories," submitted to Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

 

"New Evidence on the Structure of Production: Real and Austrian Business Cycle Theory," submitted to the Review of Political Economy

 

"Monetary Policy Regimes in Macroeconomic Data: an Application of Fractal Analysis," with Roger Koppl, Farleigh Dickinson University, submitted to the Review of Political Economy

 

"The Public Administrator as Chief Regulator: Regulatory Oversight of the Maritime Industry," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, submitted to the World Maritime University Journal of Maritime Affairs

 

 

IV. CONFERENCE & SEMINAR PAPERS & PRESENTATIONS

"Religion as Adaptation: the Role of Time Preference," Austrian Scholars Conference 15, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 12-14, 2009

"The Sensory Basis of Market Organization: toward a Hayekian Synthesis," Southern Economic Association, session sponsored by the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, Washington DC, November 20-23, 2008

"The Sensory Order and Maintenance of the Production Structure: Entrepreneurial Planning as a Cognitive Activity," Orders and Borders Conference sponsored by the Atlas Economic Research Foundation, Portsmouth NH, November 1-4, 2008

"The Sensory Order's Operational Model of Epistemology: From Subjective Perception to Objective Reality," Austrian Scholars Conference 14, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 13-15, 2008

"A Fractal Comparison of Real and Austrian Business Cycle Theories," Austrian Scholars Conference 13, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 15-17, 2007

"Robbins as Innovator: the Contribution of An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science," Austrian Scholars Conference 13, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 15-17, 2007

"New Evidence on the Structure of Production: Real and Austrian Business Cycle Theory," Southern Economic Association, session sponsored by the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, Charleston SC, November 18, 2006

"A Multi-agent Model of the Austrian Business Cycle," Austrian Scholars Conference 12, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 16-18, 2006

"Entrepreneurial Planning in a Regulated Environment: the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission and the Maritime Industry," Austrian Scholars Conference 12, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 16-18, 2006

"Maritime Regulatory Influences on Entrepreneurial Behavior," Southern Economic Association, session sponsored by the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, Washington DC, November 20, 2005

"Fractal Geometry and the Austrian School," Austrian Scholars Conference 11, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 17-19, 2005

"Lord Acton and the Scholarship of Liberty," Austrian Scholars Conference 11, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 17-19, 2005

"Monetary Policy Regimes in Macroeconomic Data: an Application of Fractal Analysis," with Roger Koppl, Farleigh Dickinson University, presented at Wake Forest University, January 26, 2005

"John Dewey's Ways of Knowing and the Radical Subjectivism of the Austrian School," Southern Economic Association, session sponsored by the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, New Orleans LA, November 21, 2004

"United States Short Sea Shipping: Opportunities and Challenges," with Gerhart Muller, Gary A. Lombardo, and Chang Q. Guan, United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, 3rd European REALISE Workshop on Infrastructure and Intermodal Services for Short Sea Shipping, Genoa, October 4-5, 2004

"The Austrian Model of the Business Cycle," American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington MA, June 15 & July 24, 2004

"Short-run and Long-run Competition under U.S. Cabotage Laws," with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, International Association of Maritime Economists 2004 Annual Conference, Izmir, Turkey, June 30 -July 2, 2004

"The Austrian Business Cycle: a Vector Error-correction Model with Commercial and Industrial Loans," Association of Private Enterprise Education 2004 Annual Conference, Nassau, Bahamas, April 4-6, 2004

"Accounting for the Business Cycle: Nominal Price Rigidities, Factor Heterogeneity, and Austrian Capital Theory," Austrian Scholars Conference 10, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 18-20, 2004

"An Empirical Examination of Austrian Business Cycle Theory," Southern Economic Association, session sponsored by the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, San Antonio TX, November 23, 2003

Session chair, Behavioral Research Council’s 3rd Annual Symposium on the Foundations of the Behavioral Sciences, "Dewey, Hayek and Embodied Cognition: Experience, Beliefs and Rules," American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington MA, July 18-20, 2003

"An Empirical Examination of Austrian Business Cycle Theory," American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington MA, June 12 & July 24, 2003

"Property Rights and Time Preference," Austrian Scholars Conference 9, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 13-15, 2003

"Fractal Analysis of Time Series, the Term Structure of Production, and the Evolutionary Order," Western Carolina University College of Business Faculty Research Forum, February 19, 2003

"Hayekian Spontaneous Order in Intergovernmental Organizations," Southern Economic Association, session sponsored by the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, New Orleans LA, November 24-26, 2002

"The International Monetary Fund: Successes and Failures," Warren Wilson College, Asheville NC, November 18, 2002

"An Entrepreneurial Critique of the Optimization Paradigm," Austrian Scholars Conference 8, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn AL, March 16, 2002

"Spontaneously Evolved Social Order versus Positive Legislation in English Constitutional History," Southern Economic Association, session sponsored by the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, Tampa FL, November 17-19, 2001

"A Fractal Analysis of Technology Securities," International Business and Economic Research Conference, sponsored by Western Academic Press, Reno NV, October 8-12, 2001 [IBER Best Paper Award]

"The Common Law Character of English Charters: Spontaneous Order in the Constitutions of Clarendon (1164)," American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington MA, June 15, 2001

"An Empirical Analysis of the Structure of Production," Southern Economic Association, session sponsored by the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, Washington DC, November 10-12, 2000

"The Demand for Programs at a College Football Game: OLS and LMS Estimates of Optimal Prices," with Stephen Brooks Jarrell, Western Carolina University, Southern Economic Association, Washington DC, November 10-12, 2000

"Problems of Central and Eastern European Countries in Transition," with Rita Noel, Western Carolina University: sponsors: WCU Office of International Programs and Services, Phi Beta Delta, and WCU College of Research and Graduate Studies, April 13, 2000

"Designing an Assignment-driven Course Around a Web-based Research Project: a Report on the North Carolina Economic Survey," Robert Morris College Irwin/McGraw-Hill Teaching Economics Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, February 17-19, 2000

"Using Technology to Provide a Liberal Studies Perspective in Introductory Economics," Robert Morris College Irwin/McGraw-Hill Teaching Economics Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, February 17-19, 2000

"Teaching with Internet-based Texts: a 'Great Books' Approach," Lilly-South Conference, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, February 11-13, 2000

"Incorporating Undergraduate Research in an Assignment-driven Course," Lilly-South Conference, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, February 11-13, 2000

"Shortage and Currency Substitution in Transition Economies: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania," with Erwin Nijsse, Royal Dutch-Shell Group, Atlantic Economic Conference, Montreal, Quebec, October 9, 1999

"A Fractal Analysis of Foreign Exchange Markets," Atlantic Economic Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, October 8-11, 1998; Saint Bonaventure University, St Bonaventure, New York, February 12, 2001

"Export-Import Endogeneity in the Context of an Export-led Growth Model: an Application of the Error-correction Specification Incorporating a Monte Carlo Experiment," Eastern Economic Association, New York, March 1, 1998

"Currency Substitution in Transition Economies: Theory and Evidence," with Erwin Nijsse, Royal Dutch-Shell Group, Kiel Institute of World Economics, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, May 19, 1995; Cambridge University, England, May 19, 1995

"An Error-correction Model of Balance-of-Payments Constrained Growth: Monte Carlo Evidence on the Thirlwall-Hussain Model," Kiel Institute of World Economics, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, November 18, 1994; Norwegian School of Management, Oslo, Norway, January 27, 1995

"General Equilibrium Business Cycle Models: a Test of Alternative Specifications," Southern Economic Association, New Orleans, November 21, 1993

"Forward Markets for Foreign Exchange: an Empirical Examination of the Efficient Market Hypothesis," with Dean P. Russo, American Express, Southern Economic Association, New Orleans, November 23, 1993

"Testing Alternative Real and Monetary Business Cycle Models with Endogenous Technology," Eastern Economic Association, New York, March 27, 1992; Atlantic Economic Conference, Plymouth, Massachusetts, October 16, 1992

Chair, "Aspects of Production" session, Southern Economic Association, Washington DC, November 10-12, 2000

Chair and Organizer, "International Finance and Development" session, Atlantic Economic Conference, Montreal, Quebec, October 9, 1999

Chair, "International Banking" session, Southern Economic Association, New Orleans, November 23, 1993

 

V. JOURNALS REFEREED

Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Transaction Periodicals, Journal of the Ludwig von Mises Institute

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier

Review of Austrian Economics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Journal of the Society for the Development of Austrian Economics

Economic Systems, Elsevier, Journal of the European Association for Comparative Economic Studies

Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer Verlag, Journal of the International J.A. Schumpeter Society

Journal of Institutional Economics, Cambridge University Press, Journal of the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy

Advances in Austrian Economics, Elsevier

 

VI. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Teaching evaluations can be viewed at: http://paws.wcu.edu/mulligan/www/assess.html

July 2008-date Professor, Department of Accountancy, Finance, & Economics, College of Business, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina:

- Taught undergraduate Macroeconomics and upper-level undergraduate Macroeconomic and Business Forecasting and Natural Resource Economics

- Participated in Wall Street field trips

- Enhanced use of on-line notes, quizzes, and other instructional materials

- Member, Western Carolina University Liberal Studies Oversight Committee

- Member, Western Carolina University Tenure, Promotion, and Reappointment Committee

- Member, College and Departmental Tenure, Promotion, and Reappointment Committees

- Advisor to Beta Gamma Sigma Academic Honor Society in Business for AACSB-accredited business colleges

July 2004-June 2008 Senior Research Fellow, Center for Maritime Studies, United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York:

- Prepared research articles, presentations, policy studies, and White Papers on Short Sea Shipping and related topics in maritime transportation

August 2003-June 2008 Associate Professor, Department of Business Computer Information Systems and Economics, College of Business, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina:

- Awarded Scholarly Leave Fall 2007 to develop an improved methodology for ship construction cost estimates at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy

- Recipient of the Board of Governors Award for Creative and Innovative Teaching, Spring 2003

- Permanent tenure awarded

- Taught undergraduate Macroeconomics

- Participated in TVA Investment Challenge Conferences and Wall Street field trips

- Enhanced use of on-line notes, quizzes, and other instructional materials

- Enhanced use of on-line primary texts as supplemental readings for introductory economics

- Chair, Economics Search Committee

- Member, Western Carolina University Scholarship Committee

- Member, Western Carolina University Council on Faculty Affairs

- Member, Western Carolina University College of Business Dean's Advisory Council

- Member, NCAA Self-study Committee

- Member, NCAA Academic Integrity Subcommittee

- Member, College and Departmental Tenure, Promotion, and Reappointment Committees 

 

July 2001-August 2003 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Computer Information Systems and Economics, College of Business, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina:

- Recipient of the Board of Governors Award for Creative and Innovative Teaching, Spring 2002

- Named to the North Carolina Economic Policy Board, a project of the John Locke Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina, November 2001
- Awarded College of Business Summer Research Grant to apply fractal analysis to technology securities (Summer 2001)
- Taught undergraduate Macroeconomics 
- Taught European Business Conditions as a study abroad course at the International Business School Breda of the Hogeschool Brabant, Breda, Netherlands (Summer 2001) 
- Participated in TVA Investment Challenge Conference and Wall Street field trips each Fall 
- Enhanced use of on-line notes, quizzes, and other instructional materials
- Enhanced use of on-line primary texts as supplemental readings for introductory economics
- Member, Western Carolina University Scholarship Committee

- Member, Western Carolina University Residence Hall Construction Planning Committee

- Member, Western Carolina University Academic Residential Community (ARC) Committee

- Member, Western Carolina University College of Business Dean's Advisory Council 

 

June 2001-August 2005 (concurrent appointment) Visiting Research Fellow, American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington, Massachusetts:

- Awarded 2005 AIER Research Fellowship to prepare a monograph interpreting fractal analysis in light of the Austrian school of economics

- Awarded 2004 AIER Research Fellowship to conduct a survey of business cycle research with special emphasis on the Austrian school

- Awarded 2003 AIER Research Fellowship to conduct empirical analysis of Austrian business cycle theory

- Awarded 2001 AIER Research Fellowship to conduct study of spontaneous order in Anglo-American legal and political institutions and modern intergovernmental organizations

- Prepared monograph analyzing relationship between E.C. Harwood's theory of the business cycle and Austrian business cycle theory

- Prepared monograph on Friedrich A. Hayek's theory of spontaneously evolved social order drawing illustrations from English constitutional history

 

August 1997-June 2001 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Finance, and International Business, College of Business, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina:

- Awarded College of Business Summer Research Grant (Summer 2000) to study the structure of production and factor distribution by industrial sector using the Hayekian triangle

- Recipient of the Board of Governors Award for Creative and Innovative Teaching, Spring 2000 

- Applied the doctrine of spontaneous order in human institutions to medieval English charters and contemporary intergovernmental organizations 

- Analyzed currency substitution in former communist economies using error-correction models 

- Performed modified R/S and other fractal analyses of equities and foreign exchange markets 

- Applied error-correction specification to modeling export-led growth 

- Taught undergraduate Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, and Money and Banking 

- Developed and taught ECON 488/693 European Business Conditions as a study abroad course at the Hogeschool Brabant, Breda, Netherlands, including field trips to Paris, Amsterdam, Cologne, and Brussels, Heinekin, and Philip Morris 

- Designed, developed, and taught MBA 510 Economics and Public Policy and MBA 505 Statistical Analysis for Business 
- Participated in TVA Investment Challenge Conference, Fall 2000 and Spring 2001, and Wall Street field trips each Fall, 1997-date 
- Developed award-winning instructional websites 
- Pioneered use of on-line notes, quizzes, and other instructional materials
- Pioneered use of on-line primary texts as supplemental readings for introductory economics 
- Edited the North Carolina Economic Survey, a collection of economic forecasting and research projects performed by students in ECON 303 Money, Financial Markets, and Economic Policy 
- Sponsored ten student presentations in the WCU Honors College Undergraduate Research Seminar, Spring 2000 
- Maintained contact with alumni and provided an on-line job recruiting and career tracking resource
- Member, Western Carolina University Residence Hall Construction Planning Committee participating in programming a 300 bed facility with classroom, office, and assembly space 
- Member, Western Carolina University Academic Residential Community (ARC) Committee helping to develop and implement ARC concept integrating student services and instructional activities 
- Member, College of Business Curriculum and Standards Committee, contributing to developing and modernizing undergraduate and graduate business curricula in preparation for AACSB reaffirmation 
- Member, AACSB Reaccreditation Faculty Qualification and Composition Committee, drafting  part of AACSB self-study 
- Member, Program Committee for the Atlantic Economic Society Conference, Montreal, 1999

 

September 1995-date (concurrent appointment) Research Associate, Department of Economics, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York:

- Refined and improved statistical procedures for analyzing the Thirlwall-Hussain model of export-led growth

- Applied the Durbin-Wu-Hausman test to the Thirlwall-Hussain model to examine export-import endogeneity 
- Further refined the test for finite variance, extending its application from the Cauchy distribution to the more general case 

 

August 1996-August 1997 Assistant Dean, Gabelli School of Business, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island:

- Prepared GSB Retention Plan, Faculty Information Guide, and Articulation Agreements

- Assisted the Dean in preparing the AACSB Accreditation Study 
- Developed and implemented GSB peer-tutor program 
- Administered and coordinated Post-baccalaureate Certificate in Accounting 
- Taught undergraduate Business Enterprise course 
- Coordinated student advising, maintaining personal contact with approximately 450 students 
- Published and edited the GSB newsletter, The Business Hawk
- Organized career panels with multiple outside speakers from the business community 
- Member of RWU Deans' Council and GSB Advisory Board 
- Helped modernize GSB curricula

 

July-August 1996 Adjunct Instructor, Department of Economics and Finance, Nassau Community College, Garden City, New York:

- Taught two sections of Principles of Macroeconomics

 

August 1994-June 1995 Advanced Studies in International Economic Policy Research, Kiel Institute of World Economics, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany:

- Developed a model to predict dollar balances in eastern Europe, using the Johansen maximum likelihood procedure to identify stable, long-run relationships among unstable and constantly-growing series, including money demand, consumption, inflation, shortage, and exchange rates

- To correctly price call options in a riskier environment, extended the Black-Scholes model with more realistic assumptions about the underlying distribution 

 

May 1993-May 1994 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Finance, School of Management, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York:

- Developed a new statistical test to determine whether a finite sample, which always has a finite sample variance, is drawn from a population with infinite variance

- To see if exports or imports are more important in driving economic growth, developed alternative models and programmed algorithms to do F, J, J-A, N-tilde, and W tests and Monte Carlo experiments to evaluate the tests 
- Used SAS, TSP, and Lotus on DOS, Windows, and Novell systems 
- Taught Econometric and Business Forecasting, explaining advanced practices to undergraduates and MBA students 

 

September 1991-May 1993 Lecturer, Department of Economics, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York:

- To identify the importance of real and monetary factors in driving the U.S. business cycle, developed alternative models, estimated them by 2SLS, 3SLS, SUR, GMM, and the Kalman filter, and compared them with the Wald and likelihood-ratio tests, showing both factors drive the cycle. Also used Monte Carlo simulations for correct small-sample inference

- To evaluate the DRI/McGraw-Hill forecast of the U.S. economy, developed alternative 
ARIMA models for comparison, and computed standard measures of forecast performance over decreasing time horizons, showing performance improves as the horizon shortens 
- To test efficiency of foreign exchange markets, replicated a battery of classic tests using forward and spot exchange rates with new data 
- Used TSP, SAS, JCL, and RATS on UNIX, MVS, and VM/CMS systems, and Lotus and Excel on DOS and Windows 
- Taught Economic Statistics, explaining sophisticated, highly-complex theories and procedures to undergraduates 

 

May 1983-October 1987 Civil Engineering Officer, USAF, Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington & Osan Air Base, Korea:

- Prepared cost estimates for $100 million regional military medical center, $150 million national flight-survival training center, and many other projects, supervised ten people, prepared two annual budgets, and wrote monthly reports to the Joint Chiefs of Staff

 

VII. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

SUMMER INSTITUTE FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING: Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, May 12-15, 2008

LIBERTY FUND SEMINAR ON BUSINESS CYCLE RESEARCH: New Orleans, April 19-21, 2007

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Austrian Economics Program: Advanced Austrian Economics Seminar, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, New York, (I) June 18-25, 1989, (II) July 10-16, 1999

TVA Investment Challenge:
Spring 2001 Conference and Job Fair, Nashville, Tennessee, April 5-6, 2001 
Fall 2000 Conference and Job Fair, Nashville, Tennessee, November 2-3, 2000 

CAROLINA COLLOQUY FOR UNIVERSITY TEACHING:
New Faculty Seminar on Exemplary Teaching, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, June 12-16, 2000

ROBERT MORRIS COLLEGE-IRWIN/McGRAW-HILL Teaching Economics Conference:
Eleventh Annual Conference, Robert Morris College, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, February 17-19, 2000 

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE OF TEACHER SCHOLARS:
2000 Lilly-South Conference on Teaching and Learning, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, February 11-13, 2000 

KIEL INSTITUTE OF WORLD ECONOMICS Advanced Studies Program:
15th Anniversary Conference, Global Financial Markets and the International Monetary System: Currency Crises, Contagion and Cures, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, May 16-18, 1999 

INTERNATIONAL ATLANTIC ECONOMIC SOCIETY:
Member, Program Committee, Montreal Conference, October 7-10, 1999
    - organized session on "International Finance and Development" 

PHI BETA LAMBDA/FUTURE BUSINESS LEADERS OF AMERICA:
North Carolina State Leadership Conference, April 7-9, 2000, Charlotte, North Carolina 
National Fall Leadership Conference, November 12-13, 1999, Greensboro, North Carolina 
North Carolina State Leadership Conference, November 11-12, 1999, Highpoint, North Carolina 
National Leadership Conference and Institute for Leaders, July 4-7, 1999, Chicago, Illinois 
North Carolina State Leadership Conference, March 26-28, 1999, Greensboro, North Carolina 

AMERICAN ASSEMBLY OF COLLEGIATE SCHOOLS OF BUSINESS (AACSB):
Undergraduate Curriculum Development Seminar, February 1997, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 
Associate Deans' Seminar, November 1996, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 

SAS INSTITUTE, New York, New York
SAS Fundamentals: a Programming Approach April 1-3, 1996 
SAS Programming April 15-17, 1996 
SAS Macro Language April 25-26, 1996 
Advanced SAS Programming Techniques and Efficiencies June 6-7, 1996

 

VIII. KIEL INSTITUTE OF WORLD ECONOMICS ADVANCED STUDIES COURSES 1994-1995

Open-economy Macroeconomics, Paul de Grauwe, Catholic University of Leuven

International Finance, Richard C. Marston, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania

Applied Econometrics, Gerd Hansen, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet Kiel

International Trade: Theory and Policy, Richard Baldwin, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva

Trade, Factor Flows, and Global Convergence, Jeffrey G. Williamson, Harvard University

Economic Strategies for Less-developed Countries, Sweder van Wijnbergen, University of Amsterdam

European Monetary Integration, Barry Eichengreen, University of California at Berkeley

Political Economy in Open Economies, Dani Roderik, Columbia University & Guido Tabellini, Innocenzo Gasparini Insitute for Economic Research, University of Milan

Economics of Transition, John Flemming, Oxford University, the Bank of England, and the European Bank for Reconstruction & Development

 

IX. SELECTED OTHER GRADUATE COURSES

Advanced Seminar in Applied Econometrics, Edward C. Kokkelenberg, SUNY Binghamton

Advanced Seminar in Econometric Theory, Robert L. Basmann, SUNY Binghamton

Business and Econometric Forecasting, Charles W. Bischoff, SUNY Binghamton

 

X. COURSES TAUGHT

Business & Macroeconomic Forecasting

 

Western Carolina University

Natural Resource Economics

 

Western Carolina University

Money, Financial Markets, and Economic Policy

       

          Western Carolina University

Study Abroad in Europe

 

Western Carolina University

European Business Conditions (MBA)

 

Western Carolina University

Statistical Analysis for Business (MBA)

 

Western Carolina University

Economics and Public Policy (MBA)

 

Western Carolina University

Introductory Microeconomic Theory and Social Issues 

 

Western Carolina University

Introductory Macroeconomic Theory and Social Issues

 

Western Carolina University

Internship in Business Economics

 

Western Carolina University

Business & Econometric Forecasting (MBA)

 

Clarkson University

Intermediate Microeconomics

 

Clarkson University

Principles of Microeconomics

 

Clarkson University

Principles of Macroeconomics

 

Clarkson University

Economic Statistics

 

SUNY Binghamton

Principles of Macroeconomics

 

Nassau Community College

 Business Enterprise

 

Roger Williams University

 

XI. UNIVERSITY & COMMUNITY SERVICE

- Member, Western Carolina University Liberal Studies Oversight Committee

- Member, Western Carolina University Tenure, Promotion, and Reappointment Committee

- Member, College and Departmental Tenure, Promotion, and Reappointment Committees

- Advisor, Beta Gamma Sigma Honor Society at Western Carolina University

- Member, NCAA Self Study Committee and Academic Integrity Subcommittee

Member, North Carolina Economic Policy Board 

- WCU honorary coach: Men's Basketball, December 1, 2001, invited by Casey Rogers (UNC Asheville 72-WCU 66); Men's Football, November 10, 2001 (Appalachian State 34-WCU 24), November 3, 2001(WCU 63-Liberty 0) invited by coaching staff; Men's Basketball, February 24, 2001, invited by Corey Largent (WCU 63-UNC Greensboro 58); Women's Volleyball, Spring 1999, invited by Keeya McManus

- Faculty Coach, Gamma Epsilon Chapter of Pi Kappa Phi Fraternity

- Member, WCU Scholarship Committee

- Member, WCU Residence Hall Construction Planning Committee

- Member, WCU Academic Residential Community Committee

- Member, WCU College of Business Dean's Advisory Council

- Member, WCU College of Business Curriculum Committee

- Member, AACSB Reaccreditation Faculty Qualification and Composition Committee at Western Carolina University

- Advisor, North Carolina Lambda Chapter of Omicron Delta Epsilon International Honor Society in Economics

- Advisor and professional division member, Kappa Lambda Chapter of Phi Beta Lambda professional business fraternity at Western Carolina University

- Class of 1995 Vice President, Kiel Institute of World Economics Advanced Studies Program Alumni Society

- Program Committee, International Atlantic Economic Association, Montreal Conference 1999

- Asheville Smoke Pro Hockey Booster Club

- Faculty advisor to Delta Xi Chapter of Alpha Kappa Psi National Business Fraternity and Theta Mu chapter of Theta Xi fraternity, at Clarkson University

- Member of School of Business Advisory Board and Deans' Council at Roger Williams University

 

XII. ACADEMIC HONORS AND AWARDS

- Ludwig von Mises Institute's O.P. Alford III Prize, 2008, "for the scholarly article published during 2006-2007 that best advances libertarian scholarship," for "Property Rights and Time Preference," Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 10(1): 21-47

- Scholarly Development Assignment Leave, Fall 2007 for "A Revised Methodology for Estimating Ship Construction and Operating Costs," conducted at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point NY

Board of Governors Award for Creative and Innovative Teaching, Spring 2003

Board of Governors Award for Creative and Innovative Teaching, Spring 2002

- Best Paper Award, International Business and Economics Research Conference, October 8-12, 2001, for "A Fractal Analysis of Technology Securities"

Visiting Research Fellow, American Institute for Economic Research, from Summer 2001

- Western Carolina University College of Business Summer Research Grant, 2001, supporting the applied financial economics study "A Fractal Analysis of Technology Securities"

- Western Carolina University College of Business Summer Research Grant, 2000, supporting the Hayekian triangle study "An Empirical Analysis of the Structure of Production"

- Board of Governors Award for Creative and Innovative Teaching, Spring 2000

- Western Carolina University Web Gram Web Page Awards, Myron L. Coulter Faculty Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning: Home Page Gold Award, On-line Resources Silver Award, Syllabi Design Silver Award, 1999

- Kappa Lambda Chapter of Phi Beta Lambda/Future Business Leaders of America Professional Division Member of the Year, 1998-99

- SUNY Binghamton Outstanding Dissertation in the Social Sciences Runner-up, 1993

- SUNY Binghamton Teaching Excellence Certificate of Distinction, 1992

- Clinton E. Stryker Distinguished Service Award, Illinois Institute of Technology, 1983

- American Defense Preparedness Association Award, 1983

- Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America Award, 1980

- University of Dallas Scholarship, by competitive examination, 1979

 

XIII.  PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS

Society for the Development of Austrian Economics

International J.A. Schumpeter Society (founding member)

Kiel Institute of World Economics Advanced Studies Program Alumni Association

Omicron Delta Epsilon International Honor Society in Economics

Beta Gamma Sigma International Honor Society in Business

Military Order of the World Wars (life companion)

 

XIV. ABSTRACTS OF CURRENT RESEARCH

1.  Transactional Economics: John Dewey's Ways of Knowing and the Radical Subjectivism of the Austrian School - The subjectivism of the Austrian school of economics is a special case of Dewey's transactional philosophy, also known as pragmatism or pragmatic epistemology.  The Austrian economists Carl Friedrich Menger (1840-1921) and Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) adopted an Aristotelian deductive approach to economic issues such as social behavior and exchange.  Like Menger and Mises, Friedrich A. Hayek (1899-1992) viewed scientific knowledge, even in the social sciences, as asserting and aiming for objective certainty.  Hayek was particularly critical of attempts to apply the empiricism of the natural sciences in the social sciences.  Though Hayek was not a positivist in the sense ascribed to Milton Friedman (1912-), because he accepted the possibility of final, objective certainty, Hayek's view of scientific knowledge was closer to that of the logical positivists of the Vienna circle than to Dewey's pragmatism.  Mises' a priorism, asserting and aiming for apodictic certainty, represented a more extreme form of objectivism even than Hayek's.  Mises was similar in this regard to non-Austrian axiomatists such as Gerard Debreau (1921-2005), though he joined Hayek in eschewing mathematical formalism.  In Dewey's contrasting view, the scientist commends new, alternative ways of knowing to the scientific community, offering more profound insight or more efficacious practical applications.  Alternative ways of knowing which do not offer practical or intellectual benefits are to be rejected.  Both the radical subjectivism of the Austrian school and Dewey's transactional strategy justify rejection of the mirage of social justice.  Dewey's knowledge as ways of knowing suggests a broader and more fundamental critique of the socialist position in the calculation debate.  The arguments presented by the Austrian school can be reformulated in terms of Dewey's pragmatic philosophy. [Education and Culture, Journal of the John Dewey Society (2006) 22(2): 61-82]

 

2.  An Empirical Examination of Austrian Business Cycle Theory - A vector error-correction model (VECM) of real consumable output is identified and estimated, employing the Johansen-Juselius (1990) test for cointegration.  Because the Austrian school views economic activity as a disequilibrium process, VECM estimates offer an empirical methodology especially amenable to interpretation through Austrian business cycle theory.  Austrian business cycle (ABC) theory was pioneered by Ludwig von Mises (1912, 1949) and Friedrich Hayek (1933, 1935, 1941).  Harwood's (1932) account of the business cycle is very similar.  ABC theory focuses on credit expansion, which artificially lowers interest rates creating an investment boom and unsustainable business expansion.  ABC theory is presented prominently by Haberler (1937) as a leading modern theory of the business cycle, and yet has largely fallen out of favor with orthodox economists.  This is especially surprising because only ABC theory can claim much success in providing coherent and plausible explanations of historic business cycles.  Rothbard (1963) explains the Great Depression in terms of ABC theory, concluding that overexpansion of the money supply in the late 1920s caused the stock market crash, and exceptionally unskilled policy responses created the prolonged secondary contraction by preventing the economy from liquidating the accumulated malinvestment and unemployment.  Although their explanation of the dynamics of the depression differs and is distinctly non-Austrian, Friedman and Schwartz (1963) agree that bad policy greatly exacerbated what would have been an unexceptional recession.  Garrison's (2001) restatement of ABC theory and his applications to historical cycles should lead to renewed interest in Austrian capital theory.  According to ABC theory, recession constitutes the process of liquidating resources and production plans misallocated during the unsustainable boom.  This finds compelling evidence of such cycles of malinvestment and liquidation in 1959-2003 U.S. data. [Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2006) 9(2): 69-93]

 

3.  Property Rights and Time Preference - This paper establishes a nexus between the established fields of constitutional political economy and macroeconomic capital theory.  Constitutional political economy explores how legal and institutional structures emerge over time.  The evolution of property rights has always been a central focus of this line of inquiry.  Time preference is one of the most basic economic concepts.  Theories of interest, term structure, and opportunity cost, are all dependent on time preference, which is also the basis for capital budgeting in modern finance.  This paper establishes how and why the emergence of property rights supported a reduction of time preference, allowing for employment of capital in time-consuming means of production.  This paper also argues that institutional imperatives inevitably lead to the systematic degradation of property rights, and a consequent increase in time preference. [Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2007) 10(1): 23-49 -- awarded the Ludwig von Mises Institute's O.P. Alford III Prize, 2008]

 

4.  Modeling Markets for Sports Memorabilia, with A.J. Grube, Western Carolina University - A simple hedonic pricing model is developed for baseball cards, of the type often used successfully to model prices for artworks.  The model is constructed based on insights contributed by both the sports psychology and finance literatures and is estimated for a dataset of twelve well-known players observed at eight points in time over a span of twenty years.  Dummy variables are used to capture various relevant characteristics of the player or card.  Tobit estimates perform extremely well, explaining most differences among baseball card prices for the cards in the sample.  Among extrinsic variables that represent specific players and card characteristics that differentiate cards issued during the same season, race had a significant positive effect on price for black players.  Batting average and number of World Series appearances had significant positive impacts on price, but surprisingly, rookie cards tended to be worth relatively less than non-rookie cards.  Similarly unexpected findings with respect to players' death and elevation to the Hall of Fame may result from trying to estimate too many characteristics simultaneously on a limited dataset.  Results suggest famous players' cards generally are extremely attractive investment instruments. [Journal of Economics and Economic Education Research (2006) 7(2): 75-102]

 

5.  Monetary Policy Regimes in Macroeconomic Data: an Application of Fractal Analysis, with Roger Koppl, Farleigh Dickinson University - This paper examines macromonetary data for behavioral stability over Alan Greenspan's tenure as chairman of the Federal Reserve System.  Five self-affine fractal analysis techniques for estimating the Hurst exponent, Mandelbrot-Lévy characteristic exponent, and fractal dimension are employed to explore the data's fractal properties.  Techniques employed are rescaled-range analysis, power-spectral density analysis, roughness-length analysis, the variogram or structure function method, and wavelet analysis.  Formal hypothesis tests provide evidence of a change in monetary policy behavior between the 1989-1996 and 1997-2003 periods.  This change is manifested both in the behavior and distribution of the month-to-month changes in the monetary aggregates, ratios, and multipliers, and in the behavior and distribution of macroeconomic data.  Strong evidence is presented that U.S. monetary policy became actively interventionist after December 1996, and that the effectiveness of the Federal Reserve System has been lowered compared to the earlier period.

 

6.  The Entrepreneurial Critique of the Optimization Paradigm - The optimization paradigm in neoclassical economics is defined and criticized.  Although the optimization paradigm provides the foundation for most mathematical formalism in modern technical economics, the paradigm rest in turn on extreme and extremely unrealistic information assumptions.  No scope for entrepreneurial activity is admitted.  This paper argues that entrepreneurial change is one of the most basic ingredients for understanding the functioning of markets and the coordination of economic activity.  Several extensions of the standard model are presented and discussed.  Alternative views of market equilibrium offered by Schumpeter and Kirzner are developed, and the relationship between the two competing views of equilibrium is examined. [Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal (2005) 11(2): 47-69]

 

7.  Maritime Businesses: Volatile Stock Prices and Market Valuation Inefficiencies, with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy - This paper examines twelve maritime equity price series for behavioral stability and efficient market pricing for the 1989-2002 period.  Five self-affine fractal analysis techniques for estimating the Hurst exponent, Mandelbrot-Lévy characteristic exponent, and fractal dimension are employed to explore the price series fractal properties.  Techniques employed are rescaled-range analysis, power-spectral density analysis, roughness-length analysis, the variogram or structure function method, and wavelet analysis.  Formal hypothesis tests provide evidence of a change in market behavior between the 1989-1994 and 1995-2002 periods.  Hypothesis tests also provide evidence against efficient valuation of the maritime businesses sampled, supporting the multifractal model of asset returns (MMAR) and disconfirming the weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH).  Strong evidence is presented for antipersistence of some maritime equities in the sample, suggesting market participants habitually overreact to new information, and never learn not to.  An important implication of this finding is that financial derivatives based on the sampled equities cannot be efficiently priced. [Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance (2004) 44(2): 321-336]

 

8.  Spontaneously Evolved Social Order versus Positive Social Order in English Constitutional History - Medieval institutions contain an important strain of spontaneous order, especially from the pre-Christian period.  A series of irregular successions after the Norman conquest made royal charters increasingly important in establishing the sovereign's legitimacy.  Henry I's coronation charter (1100) formed the basis of Henry II's aggressive program of reform legislation, as well as for Magna Carta (1215). Henry II aimed at restoring the legal and political institutions of his grandfather Henry I after a period of civil strife and social degeneration.  The fact that almost all later charters grew out of Henry I's charter, combined with the fact that later charters expanded and refined legal and political institutions, establishes the evolution of spontaneous order in the English charters.  This evolution continued throughout the middle ages as subsequent kings confirmed Magna Carta. [Review of Austrian Economics (2004) 17(1): 41-65]

 

9.  Fractal Analysis of Highly Volatile Markets: an Application to Technology Equities - This paper examines technology equity price series using five self-affine fractal analysis techniques for estimating the Hurst exponent, Mandelbrot-Lévy characteristic exponent, and fractal dimension.  Techniques employed are rescaled-range analysis, power-spectral density analysis, roughness-length analysis, the variogram or structure function method, and wavelet analysis.  Evidence against efficient valuation supports the multifractal model of asset returns (MMAR) and disconfirms the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH).  Strong evidence is presented for antipersistence of many technology equities, suggesting markets do not price all technology securities efficiently, or equally efficiently. [Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance (2004) 44(1): 155-179]

 

10.  Baseball Card Pricing Model: a Demonstration with Well-known Players, with A.J. Grube and Stephen Jarrell, Western Carolina University - This paper develops a simple hedonic pricing model for baseball cards, of the type often used successfully to model prices for artworks.  We estimate this model with an illustrative sample of card prices for several different years.  The results are used to demonstrate the construction of price indices (i.e. rates-of-return) for baseball cards for this particular set of cards using two methods.  Finally, we extract specific values that individual player characteristics contribute to the value of a card. [Visions in Leisure and Business (2004) 21(7): 30-42]

 

11.  Resource Allocation: A Hayekian Paradigm for Maritime Conglomerates, with Gary A. Lombardo, United States Merchant Marine Academy - This paper presents a synthesis between Austrian capital theory and the organizational strategy field within management studies, which applies economic theory to agent behavior in maritime business firms.  Hayek's theory of production is placed within the strategy literature and used to motivate effective resource allocation decision-making within conglomerate organizations.  Decision-makers respond to interest rate changes by reallocating resources among stages of production.  A generic maritime conglomerate is presented as an illustration.  A conceptual scheme is developed where the maritime firms engage in five stages of productive activity: (1) port facilities, (2) shipbuilding, (3) inland, coastal and ocean shipping, (4) ship leasing, and (5) overland shipping.  The maritime conglomerate must attempt to adjust its allocation of capital resources across the five stages to accommodate the changing term structure of interest rates.  [Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2003) 6(1): 3-21]

 

12.  The Demand for Programs at a College Football Game: OLS and LMS Estimates of Optimal Prices, with Stephen Jarrell, Western Carolina University - College athletic directors face the difficulty of setting a price for goods and services they provide to the public.  One complementary good provided as a part of major college sports events is game-day programs.  This paper estimates a demand function for football programs using 11 years of data for an NCAA Division I-AA college. Least median of squares (LMS), a new outlier-resistant estimation technique, is used to refine the model and provide a more useful estimate of the demand function.  The revenue- and profit-maximizing program price is found and compared with prices actually charged throughout the sample period.  [Journal of Sport Management (2002) 16(3): 209-229]

 

13.  A Hayekian Analysis of the Term Structure of Production - This paper applies cointegration analysis to investigate the term structure of production using the Hayekian triangle model.  The Hayekian triangle illustrates how arbitrage among real and financial assets effects intertemporal resource allocation.  The prevailing term structure of interest rates determines resource allocation among early, middle, and late stages of production, in accordance with consumer time preference and available investment alternatives.  When consumer time preference increases (decreases), demand for consumer goods increases (decreases) as saving decreases (increases).  This change in time preference brings about a reallocation of resources from early (late) stages of production toward late (early) stages, shortening (lengthening) the production structure embodied in the capital stock.  In contrast, credit expansion (contraction) engineered by the central bank lowers (raises) interest rates, reducing (increasing) the attractiveness of saving, and causing prospective savers to spend more (less) of their income on consumer goods, and reduced (increased) saving finances the purchase of fewer (more) producer goods, shortening (lengthening) the production structure.  However, credit expansion (contraction) simultaneously mimics a reduction (increase) in time preference, also reallocating resources toward earlier (later) stages of production, creating an unsustainable and time-inconsistent production structure which then becomes pinched in the middle (or bowed outward.)  U.S. interest and employment data are used to estimate stable long-run cointegrated vectors.  Results provide convincing support for the Hayekian triangle as an encompassing explanation of intertemporal resource allocation and production. [Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics (2002) 5(2): 17-33]

 

14.  The Common Law Character of English Charters: Spontaneous Order in the Constitutions of Clarendon (1164) - Hayek's doctrine of spontaneously evolved order is used to analyze twelfth-century English constitutional history.  The Constitutions of Clarendon were designed to govern church-state relations.  Spontaneous order is demonstrated because the Constitutions emerge from a context of customary law, even as the Constitutions contributed to and extended that order.  Rent-seeking is analyzed as a principal source of material motivation for both the king and the Church.  The Constitutions established a basis for separation of church and state, which could not otherwise have evolved as it did. [Constitutional Political Economy (2005) 16(3): 285-311]

 

15.  A Fractal Analysis of Foreign Exchange Markets - Long memory in foreign exchange markets is examined for the post-Bretton Woods period using Lo's modified rescaled range technique.  Several traditional rescaled range techniques are presented for comparison.  Unlike the conventional rescaled range technique, the new rescaled range analysis is robust to short-term dependence and conditional heteroskedasticity.  Although significant long memory is found for all countries studied, indicating traditional econometric methods are inadequate for analyzing foreign exchange markets, short-term dependence and conditional heteroskedasticity are also present, making it difficult to describe the nature of the long memory process or processes present in the foreign exchange markets.  Results broadly agree with those provided by less sophisticated, less robust methodologies, disconfirm the weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, and indicate the possibility that traditional technical analysis should be able to achieve systematic positive returns. [International Advances in Economic Research, 2000, 6(1): 33-49] 

16.  Shortage and Currency Substitution in Transition Economies: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania with Erwin Nijsse, Royal Dutch-Shell Group - Currency substitution in four central European countries, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania, is examined from 1986 to 1994. The sample period includes the end of central planning and transition to market economies. Before liberalization, central European economies faced increasing shortage and repressed inflation in the official sector, and growing free, grey, and black-market sectors. The population held substantial portions of their wealth in real assets and foreign currency. Furthermore, part of savings was held as hunting money against potential opportunities to buy large quantities in official stores, or pay price premia on the black market. Foreign currency demand is analyzed with a formal choice-theoretic, two-sector, two-currency, cash-in-advance model with official and black-market sectors, where domestic currency may be used in both sectors, but foreign currency can only be used on the black market. Foreign currency serves either as a means of payment or a store of value. The shift from centrally-planned to market economies is modeled by including a shortage variable. The derived foreign currency demand equation is estimated by the Johansen procedure for the four countries. Shortage is found to be an important determinant of foreign currency demand in each country. [International Advances in Economic Research, 2001, 7(3): 275-295] 

17.  Balance-of-Payments Constrained Growth: Evidence for the U.S. from Two Econometric Methodologies- Recursive Chow tests are used to examine parameter stability and search for optimal break points. The Thirlwall growth model (in which GDP growth depends on export growth) and an ad hoc alternative (in which growth depends on imports) are estimated and compared for explanatory power using a battery of Cox-type non-tested tests (F, J, J-A, N-tilde , and W tests.) A Monte Carlo study is performed to obtain the small sample behavior of the test statistics, which is found to be quite different from the asymptotic distributions commonly used to evaluate these tests. Four sets of Monte Carlo simulations are performed. The first three assume the Thirlwall model is the correct model and add: 1. standard normal, 2. log-normal, and 3. chi-square error terms. The fourth simulation uses the bootstrap method and relies on the empirical distribution of the original data. The Thirlwall model performs poorly, and the ad hoc alternative performs well. Finally, Durbin-Wu-Hausman tests are performed which show that imports are endogenous and exports are exogenous, accounting for the Thirlwall model's poor performances. Thus, the Thirlwall model provides a good explanation of economic growth. 

18.  An Error-correction Model of Balance-of-Payments Constrained Growth: Monte Carlo Evidence on the Thirlwall-Hussain Model An Error-correction Model of Balance-of-Payments Constrained Growth: Monte Carlo Evidence on the Thirlwall-Hussain Model - In a 1946-1993 U.S. dataset, cointegrating relations are found among variables related through the Thirlwall-Hussain model: real output, real exports, real net capital inflows, and the relative price level. Error-correction models (ECMs) are estimated by the Engle-Granger two-step OLS procedure; long-run multipliers, disequilibrium adjustment terms, and short-run dynamics are estimated and interpreted with Monte Carlo Studies. The cointegrating relation among output, net capital inflows, and relative prices supports the Thirlwall-Hussain model, but contradicts Thirlwall's law, the conjecture that relative prices and net capital inflows are unimportant in determining output. The fact that exports are not included in the relationship points to rejecting the Thirlwall-Hussain model. 

19.  Export-Import Endogeneity in the Context of the Thirlwall-Hussain Model: an Application of the Durbin-Wu-Hausman Test Incorporating a Monte Carlo ExperimentThe Thirlwall-Hussain model (in which output growth depends on export growth) and an ad hoc alternative (in which growth depends on imports) are estimated and compared for the U.S. The Durbin-Wu-Hausman test is used to determine the endogeneity or exogeneity of exports and imports with respect to output. A Monte Carlo study reveals the small-sample behavior of the test statistics, which partly overturns the asymptotic results. Four sets of Monte Carlo simulations are performed. The first three assume the Thirlwall-Hussain model is correct and add: 1. standard normal, 2. log-normal, and 3. chi-square error terms. The fourth simulation uses the bootstrap method relying on the empirical distribution of the original data, and makes no assumption about the underlying data generating process. U.S. exports and imports are both endogenous with respect to output, a major difficulty for the Thirlwall-Hussain model. [Applied Economics Letters, 1996, 3: 275-279] 

20.  Error-correction Models of Balance-of-Payments Constrained Growth: Further Empirical Evidence on the Thirlwall-Hussain Model - In a 1946-1993 U.S. dataset, real output is cointegrated in levels with real exports. Error-correction models (ECMs) of the cointegrating relationship are estimated by nonlinear iterative SUR with Eicker-White heteroskedasticity-robust covariance matrices. Long-run multipliers and disequilibrium adjustment terms are estimated for a variety of alternative ECM parameterizations. Output is weakly exogenous with respect to exports, a major difficulty for any Keynesian explanation of growth. In the Keynesian view, exports are exogenous, depending on world income, and help determine domestic output. These results indicate a stable long-run relationship where neither exports nor output are exogenous. 

21.  A Stochastic Dominance Result for the Black-Scholes Model: a Statistical Generalization based on the Mandelbrot-Levy Family of Distributions - New concepts of Gaussian, Cauchy, and Mandelbrot-Levy efficiency are presented and defined in terms of the Black-Scholes model for pricing European call options. The Black-Scholes model defines the unique, Gaussian-efficient price. The globally-efficient price range is defined by the non-unique, Mandelbrot-Levy-efficient price range. Though non-unique, the Mandelbrot-Levy-efficient price range is bounded by the unique Gaussian and Cauchy-efficient prices. The corresponding stochastic dominance result is derived, showing the globally-efficient price is always Mandelbrot-Levy efficient, and is always bounded by the unique Gaussian and Cauchy-efficient prices. The Gaussian-efficient price defined by the Black-Scholes model is not, in general, globally efficient, though it may be in special cases.

22.  A Monte Carlo Experiment to Evaluate the Efficiency of the Mandelbrot-Levy Characteristic Exponent as a Test Statistic for Cauchy Distributed Random VariablesA refinement of Mandelbrot's technique for estimating the Mandelbrot-Levy characteristic exponent is applied to Cauchy distributed pseudorandom samples. Tables of percentage points of the test statistic are calculated under the null of a Cauchy-distributed population for various sample sizes. An iterative least squares procedure is used to determine how much of the sample is needed to characterize the linear part of the upper tail. For various sample sizes, the characteristic exponent is estimated for 10,000 sets of Cauchy distributed samples, providing the distribution under the null hypothesis. With the distribution under the Cauchy null now established, the characteristic exponent can be used as a test statistic for the Cauchy distribution, and evaluated using the tables of probability values calculated here. [Atlantic Economic Journal, 2000, 28(4): 491]

23.  Human Capital in the Theory of Production: Conjugate Duality and the Translog Transformations - This paper shows education is a substitute for physical capital at a rate that increases with the level of output. Education and research and development are included in translog aggregate cost and production functions, estimated with annual U.S. data for 1953-1987. The input factors are non-residential structures, producers' durable equipment, education, and R&D, all measured as log-indices of annual investment per worker. The production function is estimated simultaneously with the four factor share equations, and the cost function is estimated simultaneously with the four cost share equations. Unit root tests show all output and input variables have unit roots, and are not cointegrated. The same result is found for factor shares and price deflators. Thus, estimates are performed in first-differences, except R&D, which is second-differenced. Estimation is by Zellner's iterative SUR with Eicker-White covariance matrices, which is robust to heteroskedasticity. Estimates measure share elasticities, substitution rates, returns to scale, and scale biases, and are tested for significance and homogeneity of the inputs. 

24.  An Atheoretic Method for Statistical Modeling of Unanticipated Time Series - A new, atheoretic method for modeling unanticipated time series is introduced. Percent changes in monetary aggregates are treated as random drawings from non-Gaussian, infinite-variance distributions. Any rational forecast is a drawing from a finite-variance distribution, e.g., the normal. The hinges of the forecast target are estimated recursively. Observations of the target beyond the recursive hinges are taken to be unanticipated. Observations of the target within the hinges are taken to be perfectly anticipated. Unanticipated money time series based on U.S. M1 and M2 are generated for both Barro and Fischer monetary misperceptions models. Both models are tested for the Frydman-Rappoport anticipated-unanticipated distinction irrelevance (AUDI) property, and the AUDI result is upheld.