ECON 310 Chapter 7 Study Quiz
______1. Ozone depletion refers to
a. the conversion of oxygen to ozone in the stratosphere.
b. the conversion of ozone to oxygen in the stratosphere.
c. the conversion of chlorofluorocarbons into ozone in the stratosphere.
d. the disruption of the carbon cycle.
______2. Ozone in the stratosphere serves the critical function of
a. producing oxygen.
b. blocking the penetration of ultraviolet light.
c. allowing the penetration of ultraviolet light.
d. both a and b.
______3. The international agreement which required the cessation of emissions of CFC by the year 1996 in developed countries is
a. the Rio Summit
b. the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
c. the Brazilian Initiative on Chlorofluorocarbons.
d. none of the above.
______4. The carbon cycle refers to
a. the movement of carbon from the atmosphere to the earth's surface and its return to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide.
b. the conversion of oxygen by plants into carbon dioxide.
c. the combustion of fossil fuels.
d. all of the above.
______5. Anthropogenic sources of methane include
a. ruminants.
b. coal mines
c. wetland areas.
d. both a and b.
______6. Agricultural effects of global warming include:
a. longer growing seasons and increased atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide.
b. changes in growing patterns that no longer support current agricultural use.
c. increase in pests and weeds.
d. all of the above.
______7. The pace of climate change associated with greenhouse warming is
a. taking place at a relatively slow pace as compared to natural system changes.
b. taking place at a rate which allows for natural system adaptation.
c. taking place at a relatively fast pace as compared to natural system change.
d. immeasurable.
______8. All of the following are characteristics of the global warming problem except
a. necessity to deal with many different pollutants simultaneously.
b. the temporal separation between emissions and damage.
c. the high degree of certainty underlying the scientific understanding of physical impacts of global warming.
d. the need to achieve international cooperation.
______9. "No regret" policies refer to
a. the adoption of policies which would have social benefits apart from the effect upon greenhouse policies.
b. the adoption of policies which would eliminate the growth in greenhouse gas emissions across all countries.
c. the adoption of policies which would equate marginal abatement costs across all individual polluters.
d. all of the above.
______10. Marketable emission permits would
a. be a way of compensating developing countries for loss of production.
b. allow significant cost differentials in emission reduction to be accounted for through trading of permits.
c. require equal distribution of permits across all countries.
d. both a and b.
______11. Successful implementation of the Kyoto Protocol requires
a. 55% of the nations in the world must sign and ratify the treaty.
b. the total 1990 emissions levels of the nations which have signed the treaty must account for 55% of the 1990 emissions level.
c. only the US ratify the treaty.
d. both a and b.