ECON 310 Chapter 12 Study Quiz
______1. A forest is an example of a climax community. This means
a. that the forest is an ecosystem that has arisen out of competition with other communities of organisms.
b. that the forest is the last in a series of communities.
c. that the forest is formed from successive species competing for sunlight and nutrients.
d. both
a and c.
______2. Carbon cycling refers to
a. the process by which carbon is extracted from the air, stored in plants and passed on to plant eaters and predators.
b. the process by which basic life nutrients are absorbed from the physical environment by the various organisms in the ecosystem.
c. the process by which photosynthesis occurs.
d. both a and c.
______3. Publicly owned forests include all of the following except
a. national parks.
b. timber on farm lands.
c. wildlife refuges
d. game management areas.
______4. The choice of the optimal rotation within the forest is determined by
a. the costs associated with harvest of the forest.
b. a comparison of benefits and costs associated with making the rotation a year longer.
c. a comparison of benefits from multiple uses of the forests.
d. the demand for wood to be used in construction.
______5. Opportunity costs associated with letting trees grow include
a. income that could be derived from earning interest on the revenues from sale of trees today.
b. expenses for disease prevention and control of pests.
c. income that could be derived from rent of the land, after harvest of the trees.
d. both a and c.
______6. Any external change that shifts DV/Dt upward, will ceteris paribus, _________ the optimal rotation.
a. shorten.
b. have no impact upon.
c. lengthen.
d. both a and b.
______7. Benefits associated with a standing forest include
a. watershed protection.
b. wildlife habitat.
c. recreation.
d. all of the above.
______8. A forest is generally defined as
a. an area in which at least 10 percent of the land area is covered by the canopy of trees.
b. an area in which at least 20 percent of the land area is covered by a canopy of trees.
c. an area in which at least 80 percent of the land area is covered by a canopy of trees.
d. none of the above.
______9. Ancient forests are
a. also known as old growth forests.
b. forests that have never been logged and therefore are in their original state.
c. not found in North America because of excess urbanization.
d. both a and b.
______10. A contingent valuation study of the benefits associated with preservation of the spotted owl
a. found that preservation costs (loss of jobs, etc.) outweighed preservation benefits in the short-run.
b. found that preservation benefits outweighed preservation costs only in the long run.
c. found that preservation benefits outweighed preservation costs in both the long and short run.
d. none of the above.
______11. Temperate forests are defined as being
a. located between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer.
b. located south of the Tropic of Capricorn and north of the Tropic of Cancer.
c. located
north of the Tropic of Capricorn and south of the Tropic of Cancer.
d. both a and b.