Incumbency Status and Voters' Familiarity
With Congressional Candidates, 1980-1988



 Incumbents Incumbents  Challengers Challengers
Year  Recalled  Name  Recognized Name Recalled Name  Recognized Name
1980  46  92  21  54
1982  54  94  26  62
1984  45  91  18  54
1986  42  91  13  46
1988  46  93  16  53
Average  47  92  19  54

 
 

 Winning House Challengers, By Level of Campaign Spending
 1972-1990

Expenditure Range
Percent of Challengers Who Won
         0-49,000 
0.1
       50-99,000 
0.7
   100-149,000 
3.0
   150-199,000 
6.0
   200-249,000 
9.5
   250-299,000 
13.5
   300-399,000 
21.0
    400-499,000 
22.9
    500-599,000 
30.1
    600-699,000 
28.0
700,000 + 
31.3
 Total 
5.3

Source:  The Politics of Congressional Elections, 3rd edition.  Gary C. Jacobson.  Harper Collings Publishers Inc.  1992.
 
 
 

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